Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Allele (p, q) & Carrier Frequency Calculator

Solve p + q = 1 and p² + 2pq + q² = 1 across a population sample.

Heterozygous Carrier Frequency (2pq)
32 %
Dominant Allele Frequency (p) 0.8 p
Recessive Allele Frequency (q) 0.2 q
Carriers in Cohort (2pq × N) 3,200 carriers
Inputs
%
Percentage of population expressing the homozygous recessive trait (q² %).
individuals
Total population cohort size to project genotype counts.
Results & Graph
Heterozygous Carrier Frequency (2pq)
32 %
Dominant Allele Frequency (p)
0.8 p
Recessive Allele Frequency (q)
0.2 q
Carriers in Cohort (2pq × N)
3,200 carriers

Heterozygous Carrier Frequency (2pq)

Graph 1 • Recessive Trait Incidence Pct Sensitivity Recalculates the domain equation across 50% to 150% of the primary input while holding other parameters constant.
0 % 20.0 % 39.9 % 50%: 24.28 % 24.3 50% 75%: 28.64 % 28.6 75% 100%: 32 % 32 100% 125%: 34.72 % 34.7 125% 150%: 36.99 % 37.0 150%
Graph 2 • Primary & Supporting Metric Comparison Compares the primary output alongside supporting domain benchmarks.
Heterozygous Carrier Frequency (2pq) 32 % Dominant Allele Frequency (p) 0.8 p Recessive Allele Frequency (q) 0.2 q Carriers in Cohort (2pq × N) 3,200 carriers
Graph 3 • Exact Output Table & Units Displays each calculated output in its exact domain unit.
Heterozygous Carrier Frequency (2pq)32 %Dominant Allele Frequency (p)0.8 pRecessive Allele Frequency (q)0.2 qCarriers in Cohort (2pq × N)3,200 carriers
Summary: With q² = 4% recessive phenotype, allele frequencies are p = 0.8 and q = 0.2, and 32% (3,200 individuals) are heterozygous carriers.
Summary: With q² = 4% recessive phenotype, allele frequencies are p = 0.8 and q = 0.2, and 32% (3,200 individuals) are heterozygous carriers.
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Formula & Mathematical Methodology: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Reference Equation

q = RecessivePhenotypeFraction
p = 1 − q
CarrierFrequency = 2 × p × q
q = √(RecessivePhenotypeFraction); p = 1 − q; CarrierFrequency = 2 × p × q
  • recessiveTraitIncidencePct: Recessive Trait Incidence Pct (%)
  • populationSampleSize: Population Sample Size (individuals)

Rounding: Laboratory and clinical equations retain full floating-point precision and round displayed results to 2 decimal places.

Worked Example: Reference Calculation: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Solve p + q = 1 and p² + 2pq + q² = 1 across a population sample.

  1. Enter the reagent concentrations, assay readings, or clinical laboratory parameters.
  2. Compute the standard formula: q = √(RecessivePhenotypeFraction); p = 1 − q; CarrierFrequency = 2 × p × q.
  3. Review the primary result, supporting reference intervals, and 3 SVG visualizations.
Result: Evaluates Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium via q = √(RecessivePhenotypeFraction); p = 1 − q; CarrierFrequency = 2 × p × q.

Frequently Asked Questions

What formula is used by the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Allele (p, q) & Carrier Frequency Calculator?

It computes q = √(RecessivePhenotypeFraction); p = 1 − q; CarrierFrequency = 2 × p × q and plots three custom SVG graphs showing parameter sensitivity and component breakdowns.

Can I compare different reagent dilutions or lab scenarios side by side?

Yes. Use the "Compare (0/3)" button to pin up to 3 scenarios side by side.

Are entered values stored on any server?

No. Every calculation runs 100% locally in your browser.

Science & Engineering · Molecular Biology & Genetics

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Allele (p, q) & Carrier Frequency Calculator: inputs, method, and how to read the result

Solve p + q = 1 and p² + 2pq + q² = 1 across a population sample.

Choose inputs for the case you are checking

The defaults are illustrative. Replace them with values for your case and keep the units shown beside each field.

  • Recessive Trait Incidence Pct: Percentage of population expressing the homozygous recessive trait (q² %).
  • Population Sample Size: Total population cohort size to project genotype counts.

What the calculation includes

With the default values shown, Heterozygous Carrier Frequency (2pq) is 32 %. The calculation follows Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Reference Equation; the formula and variable definitions above show how the inputs combine.

One-input check: With the other defaults held constant, changing Recessive Trait Incidence Pct from 4 % to 4.4 % changes Heterozygous Carrier Frequency (2pq) from 32 % to 33.15 %. This is a comparison inside the calculator's stated model, not a prediction.

Where to use caution

  • Uses standard IUPAC atomic weights, 25°C (298.15 K) reference thermodynamics, and published clinical literature equations.
  • Educational and laboratory reference tool only; clinical scoring calculators do not replace professional medical judgment or institutional protocols.

Scope: IUPAC / NIH Laboratory & Clinical Reference Standard Check the assumptions and limitations against your situation before relying on the estimate.

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